HKSM

A technique that gathers information by having direct conversations with stakeholders, either in a structured setting or an informal chat.

Key Points

• Can be structured, semi-structured, or unstructured; conducted one-on-one or with a small group.
• Useful for clarifying requirements, uncovering assumptions, and identifying risks, constraints, and expectations.
• Requires preparation (objectives, questions, logistics) and strong listening and probing skills.
• Outputs include documented notes, requirements, issues, decisions, and follow-up actions that may need validation.

Example

A project manager planning a new billing system schedules one-on-one interviews with the finance director, operations supervisor, and IT security lead to capture detailed needs, pain points, and compliance constraints. The PM uses a semi-structured guide, records key takeaways, and sends a summary for confirmation.

PMP Example Question

A key stakeholder has limited time and prefers a private discussion to share nuanced requirements. Which data-gathering technique should the project manager use?

1. Interviews
2. Focus groups
3. Surveys/questionnaires
4. Checklists

Correct Answer: A — Interviews

Explanation: Interviews enable direct, one-on-one conversations to elicit detailed information, especially effective when a stakeholder prefers private, time-bounded discussions.