Tolerance

A numeric range that defines how much a quality measure may deviate from its target and still meet requirements.

Key Points

  • Expressed as measurable limits (for example, +/- values or a range).
  • Sets the acceptable spread around a specified quality target.
  • Established by stakeholders, standards, or contracts to guide acceptance decisions.
  • Different from control limits, which relate to process performance monitoring.

Example

A component must be 100 mm in length with a tolerance of +/- 2 mm. Any part between 98 mm and 102 mm meets the quality requirement; outside this range it is rejected or reworked.

PMP Example Question

Which term describes the predefined numeric range that specifies how far a quality characteristic can vary from its target and still be acceptable?

  1. Tolerance
  2. Control limit
  3. Threshold
  4. Key performance indicator (KPI)

Correct Answer: A — Tolerance

Explanation: Tolerance defines the allowable variation around a quality specification; control limits relate to process control charts, thresholds trigger actions, and KPIs are measures of performance.

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