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Data

Raw facts or measurements captured as separate items that have not yet been organized, structured, or analyzed; essentially basic observations.

Key Points

  • Represents raw observations or measurements before any processing or interpretation.
  • Becomes information only after it is organized, aggregated, or analyzed.
  • Can be quantitative or qualitative and is typically stored at a granular level.
  • Collected from sources such as logs, surveys, sensors, tests, or inspections.

Example

During quality control on a construction project, the team records hourly concrete temperature readings and timestamps. Until those readings are averaged or trended, they are data.

PMP Example Question

While performing inspections, a project team records defect counts for each work shift. What are these shift-by-shift counts best classified as?

  1. Data
  2. Information
  3. Knowledge
  4. Work performance reports

Correct Answer: A — Data

Explanation: The shift-by-shift counts are raw, unprocessed measurements. They become information only after they are organized or analyzed (for example, summarized or trended).

Advanced Lean Six Sigma — Data-Driven Excellence

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Advance your Lean Six Sigma expertise!

HK School of Management helps you take Lean Six Sigma to the next level—without the overwhelm. Master advanced statistical tools, Excel-based analysis, and real-world improvement techniques to solve complex problems with confidence. For the price of lunch, you get practical templates, guided examples, and hands-on project experience you can use immediately at work. Backed by our 30-day money-back guarantee—zero risk, real impact.

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