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external dependencies

Links where project work relies on activities outside the project, which can dictate sequencing and timing of tasks.

Key Points

  • Connects project tasks to non-project work (e.g., vendor deliveries, regulatory approvals, market events).
  • Often outside the project team's direct control, increasing schedule uncertainty and risk.
  • Should be recorded in a dependency log and reflected in the schedule network with leads/lags as needed.
  • Managed via contracts, SLAs, coordination plans, and frequent communication with external parties.

Example

A software project cannot deploy a feature until an external payment gateway provider certifies the integration. The certification step, owned by the provider, is an external dependency that can delay the project's release.

PMP Example Question

A team plans system testing but must wait for a third-party vendor to deliver specialized hardware. What type of dependency is this?

  1. Discretionary dependency
  2. External dependency
  3. Internal dependency
  4. Finish-to-start relationship

Correct Answer: B — External dependency (reliance on non-project work)

Explanation: The testing depends on a vendor's delivery, which is outside the project boundary and control, making it an external dependency.

ICS/OT Incident Response Drills and Exercises

An incident response plan is only a theory until the people who must use it have run it under pressure. This course helps OT engineers, operations leaders, IT responders, and security teams turn a plan on paper into a tested capability.

Define safe states and manual fallback before an incident forces the decision. Build escalation paths, tabletop exercises, and scenarios that expose the gaps a document review cannot find.

Then turn the results into evidence: an after-action report, owned improvements, recovery checks, and a drill cadence that keeps the program alive after the exercise ends.

24 lessons, 2.4 hours. US$47 one-time through HKSM Courses. 30-day money-back guarantee when 50% or less consumed.

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ICS/OT Incident Response Drills and Exercises course preview

Run the drill before the incident runs you

Design, run and prove OT drills and tabletop exercises before an incident tests your team. OT Incident Drills and Exercises includes 24 lessons and practical exercise materials, delivered through HKSM Courses for US$47 one-time. 30-day money-back guarantee when 50% or less of the course has been consumed.

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