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function point

A metric that quantifies how much business functionality an information system delivers, used to determine the functional size of a software system.

Key Points

  • Technology-agnostic sizing based on what users can do with the system.
  • Counts typical elements such as external inputs, external outputs, external inquiries, internal logical files, and external interface files.
  • Supports effort estimation, productivity benchmarking, scope control, and vendor contracting.
  • Can be calculated early from requirements and refined as details emerge (e.g., IFPUG or COSMIC methods).

Example

A project team scoping a new banking app identifies features like create account (input), view balance (output), transaction search (inquiry), customer data (internal file), and credit-bureau interface (external file). They tally the function points to estimate effort and compare vendor proposals.

PMP Example Question

Which metric should a project manager use to size the scope from business requirements in a technology-independent way to support effort estimates for a new payroll system?

  1. Story points
  2. Function points
  3. Lines of code
  4. Velocity

Correct Answer: B — Function points

Explanation: Function points measure user-visible functionality independent of technology, enabling functional size estimation. Story points and velocity are team-specific agile measures, and lines of code depend on the chosen technology.

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